Based on abundant annual reports and publications of different UK missionary societies, as well as family archives and biographical materials of many missionary individuals, stocked in the libraries of Oxford University, this talk will outline the influence of western missionaires on Chinese medical education, hospital construction, and medical practice in the modern period, including the attitude of Nationalist and communist authorities towards missionary medicine. One striking example was the Cheeloo University Medical College in Tsinan, Shantung and the hospital affiliated to it.