For historians of the book, the case of modern China offers much to challenge and embellish prevailing narratives of the field. The Mao era was a particularly extraordinary period, when one of the world’s most populous and powerful states turned its attention to the dissemination of print on an unprecedented scale. In this talk, Dr Wills – whose career bridges the academic and rare books worlds – explores some of the many facets of modern Chinese book history, stressing elements that transcend polarized interpretations of socio-cultural history during the Cold War.