The transition away from fossil fuels in Europe is not only a crucial step toward addressing climate change but also a process fraught with significant geopolitical and practical challenges. This seminar explores the multifaceted implications of this transition, focusing on its impact on energy security, international relations, and domestic economic structures. It will delve into how Europe’s move toward renewable energy reshapes its dependencies, particularly in relation to resource-rich nations and emerging clean energy supply chains. Additionally, the seminar will examine the practical hurdles of implementing large-scale renewable infrastructure, managing public acceptance, and ensuring equitable energy access across member states. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the discussion will shed light on Europe’s role in leading global energy transformation while navigating the intricate interplay between geopolitics and sustainability.