Our planet has faced rapid biodiversity decline, with animal populations declining by 70% on average since 1970. The Global Biodiversity Framework, signed in 2022, organizing international cooperation for biodiversity conservation, accelerating large-scale action but also sharpening the urgency of unresolved ethical challenges. In this talk, we present technical advances in machine learning, optimization, and causal inference, designed to improve resource allocation for conservation management. We’ll also discuss the sociopolitical considerations of the rise of biodiversity data and AI for conservation.