Much of the early brain imaging, especially functional magnetic resonance imaging, was aimed at mapping between one brain function and a particular brain region. However, it has been shown that many regions of the brain are complex with various brain activities that become more complex tasks, and that they do not perform a single cognitive function in isolation, but rather work together with other brain regions to support the performance of cognitive functions. This has prompted new research to investigate how different brain regions cooperate in a network to achieve cognitive functions. In this presentation, we will introduce the studies conducted by the presenters. Study 1: Using resting-state functional connectivity, the authors examined the relationship between individual differences in the degree of functional connectivity of neural networks and individual characteristics such as temperament and character. Study 2: We compared the degree of functional connectivity between patients with mood disorder and healthy subjects, and searched for functional connectivity sites associated with the severity of patients’ symptoms. Functional connectivity of neural networks, a biological indicator of brain function, has been shown to correlate with function among its component sites, even at rest, making resting-state fMRI an attractive potential technique.

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