This session will use contrasting examples of clinical work in different settings to consider the complex understanding of neurological, physiological, and psychotherapeutic principles which inform music therapy. Despite the increasing quantitative evidence of clinical efficacy, music therapy remains a small and somewhat misunderstood profession. Through asking the questions ‘What do we hear? What do we feel? What do we know?’ we will examine a little of the intimate clinical interactions between client and music therapist and seek to understand more about the interweaving of musical, intellectual, and emotional underpinning required by music therapists in order to ensure effective clinical interventions.