The interplay of respiratory viruses and bacteria with host immune responses in the nose is crucial in determing the outcome of infections and the control of pathogen transmission.
Over the last decade we have developed a human infection challenge model with pneumococcus and have to date challenged over 2000 participants in several clinical studies including studies in eadults co-infected with respiratory viruses. This talk will summarise some of this work and the major findings we have made in respiratory infection responses and correlates of protection particularly in nasal and lung immunity.