Africa has 15% of the worlds population and 25% of its health problems but less than 1% of its researchers. This represents a major challenge in a world where science technology and innovation are widely seen as being key drivers of development. However there are signs of change, with most African countries having strong economic growth, key heath indicators improving and a renewed commitment to science as a central pillar of the continents future. I will provide an overview of the landscape of science, particularly health research, in Africa and discuss recent key changes in the approach to building scientific capacity.