The liver is a complex immunological organ. It has both immunogenic and tolerogenic capacity. Tolerogenic potential of human liver with its protective firewalls is required to guard the body against the continuous influx of microbial product from the gut via the sinusoids and biliary tree. Immunotolerance and anergic state is maintained by a combined effort of both immune cells, parenchyma cells, epithelial and endothelial cells. Despite this, an unknown trigger can ignite the pathway towards breakdown in hepatic tolerance leading to autoimmune liver diseases. The human liver contains different subsets of effector lymphocytes that are kept in check by a subpopulation of T cells known as Regulatory T cells (Treg). The balance of effector and regulatory lymphocytes generally determines the outcome of hepatic inflammation: resolution, fulminant hepatitis, or chronic active hepatitis. Dissecting this pathology using the current technological advances is crucial to develop curative immune based therapies.